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EMRTC and its affiliates make up one of the United States' premier research and training institutions. In addition to the many services and research areas provided directly by EMRTCnquerors. Or it might have been some visitor from the Valley

METTOP

of the Rio Grande who told about depredations at Tiguex. But would a Keres warn a Tewa? We must not overlook the fact that it would have been possible for friendly relations to have existed between the rival groups of people at the time of the Spanish Conquest. They

could have lived close together and

trad

ed pottery and other articles back and forth. One might go so far as to say that they could have lived at Tyuonyi together a few years, prior to its abandonment. But taking all these things into consideration it was likely the Keres whom the Tewas fortified themselves against, and from whom they had probably experienced hostile visits. So they fortified their Puwige and drew u

p their ladders to the rooftops in

defia

nce. And the people in the cliffs also drew up their ladders. Within the inner court of this big community house were three kivas. These deep underground ceremonial chambers lined with rock walls were built adjacent to the rooms on the north side. Puwige was large. It was more than two hundred seventy-five feet across and the tiers of rooms formed a wide band around the outside of the circular court. Why the Indians erected three kivas so close together is uncertain unless it was to have

more room in the plaza. It is possibl

e t

hat the kivas were erected first, outside of the village, and as the pueblo grew the three little ceremonial chambers were entirely enclosed within it. But why three kivas inside Puwige? Indians had their reasons. These three ceremonial chambers were small. They were not

more than twelve or fifteen feet i

n diam

eter. The hard plaster floors were seven or eight feet below the surface of the ground. Their roofs were of poles laid across the stone walls with brush and grass and mud for a covering. Small combination hatchways and smoke vents were cut in the roofs and ladders were put down to the floors as a means of getting in and out. These chambers were likely society kivas of which there were several in every

Indian village. Or we might compare